If you are a Non-Resident Indian (NRI) or planning to move abroad, understanding how NRE and NRO accounts work is essential for managing your money smoothly across borders. These specialised bank accounts help you receive income, make investments, and transfer funds between India and your country of residence in a compliant and efficient way.
This article explains NRE vs NRO accounts in clear terms, outlines their differences, tax and repatriation rules, and helps you decide which account or combination of accounts fits your income sources and financial goals.
To help NRIs manage their Indian and foreign income, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) permits three specialised types of bank accounts:
Non-resident Indians (NRIs), although residing abroad, continue to maintain bank accounts in India for several reasons:
An NRE or a Non-Resident External account is an INR-denominated special Indian bank account that is offered to NRIs, Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs), Overseas Citizens of India (OCI), and Spouses of NRIs to park their foreign earnings in India.
Funds deposited into an NRE account must originate from overseas income and are remitted to India through normal banking channels in foreign currency, which is then converted into INR.
You can compare the best NRE Accounts in our NRE Account Comparison Section.
A Non-Resident Ordinary (NRO) account is a rupee-denominated account specifically designed for NRIs to receive and manage income earned in India, such as rents, dividends, pensions, and the proceeds from the sale of real estate and other financial investments.
As per FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) guidelines, a few transactions, such as receiving rental income and proceeds from the sale of property in India, necessarily require an NRO account.
You must check our NRO Account Comparison Section and find the best NRO Account for you.
Here are the key differences between NRE and NRO accounts:
| Factor | NRE (Non-Resident External) Account | NRO (Non-Resident Ordinary) Account |
| Purpose | To manage and save income earned outside India | To manage income earned within India, e.g., rent, pension, dividends |
| Source of Funds | Foreign remittances from abroad and transfers from NRE or FCNR accounts (converted to INR) | Indian-source income, foreign remittances from abroad, and transfers from NRE/FCNR accounts |
| Repatriation | Fully repatriable. Both principal and interest can be transferred abroad without limit | Limited to USD 1 million per financial year, subject to tax compliance |
| Taxation | Interest earned is exempt from Indian income tax | Interest is taxable in India; TDS is deducted at 30% plus applicable surcharge and cess (DTAA benefits may apply) |
| Joint Holding Rules | Can be held jointly with another NRI; resident Indians may be joint holders on a ‘former or survivor’ basis or appointed as POA holders for permitted transactions | Can be held jointly with another NRI or a resident Indian |
| Currency Risk | Exposed to exchange rate fluctuations as funds are held in INR | Also exposed to currency risk when funds are repatriated abroad |
| Ideal Use Case | Parking overseas earnings, tax-efficient savings, and investments with full repatriation | Managing Indian income and expenses and holding proceeds from Indian assets |
You may prefer an NRE account if your income is earned entirely outside India, you want tax-free interest in India, and you need the flexibility to repatriate funds freely.
An NRO account usually fits better if you receive income in India, such as rent, dividends, pension payments, or proceeds from the sale of Indian assets.
1. If you only earn abroad → NRE
If you have any Indian income → NRO (you may also continue to maintain an NRE account simultaneously).
2. If you want tax-free interest → NRE
If you need a joint account with a resident Indian → NRO (resident joint holding is restricted in NRE accounts).
However, you must note here that NRIs are permitted to have both NRE and NRO accounts simultaneously for their varied financial needs. You can transfer money from your NRE to your NRO account. However, funds from an NRO account cannot be directly transferred to an NRE account. NRO funds must first be repatriated abroad (within the USD 1 million per financial year limit) after tax compliance using Form 15CA and Form 15CB, and can then be credited to an NRE account.
Once you decide to go abroad, your resident savings bank account is converted to an NRO account. On the flip side, when you decide to return to India, you must inform your bank to request that they redesignate your NRE and/or NRO account as a resident account.
The online process generally involves:
The offline method typically involves
Choosing between an NRE and NRO account or maintaining both depends entirely on where your income is generated and how you plan to use or transfer those funds.
An NRE account is generally suitable for managing overseas income with tax-free interest and full repatriation flexibility. An NRO account is designed for handling income earned in India, such as rent, pension, or asset sale proceeds, with repatriation allowed within prescribed limits.
Many NRIs maintain both accounts to manage their finances efficiently and stay compliant with RBI and FEMA regulations.
You can compare NRE and NRO account features from multiple banks on CompareRemit to understand interest rates, repatriation rules, and account benefits before choosing.
It depends on your needs. An NRE account is better if you want to park foreign income with tax-free interest and full repatriability. An NRO account is better if you need to manage Indian income, such as rent or pension.
Interest earned on NRE accounts is tax-free in India. Interest earned on NRO accounts is taxable and subject to TDS.
You can repatriate up to USD 1 million per financial year (including principal and interest), after paying applicable taxes and providing required documentation.
Yes. Many NRIs maintain both NRE for foreign income and NRO for Indian income.
You can freely transfer money from an NRE account to an NRO account. Transfers from NRO to NRE are allowed up to USD 1 million per financial year and require taxes and documentation.
Continuing to hold a resident account after becoming an NRI may violate FEMA rules. You are generally required to convert resident accounts to NRO/NRE accounts.