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Portfolio Investment Scheme: An NRI Guide for 2026

Updated on January 03, 2026 11:10 pm
Portfolio Investment Scheme

As a non-resident Indian (NRI) or overseas citizen of India (OCI), investing in India’s dynamic stock market can help you grow your wealth while staying connected to your roots.

In 2024, the BSE Sensex delivered an impressive 8.2% return, marking its ninth consecutive year of gains. The Portfolio Investment Scheme (PIS) offers a regulated and streamlined route for NRIs to invest in Indian equities and securities.

This guide explains the meaning, mechanics, eligibility criteria, and application process of the Portfolio Investment Scheme. See how the PIS is connected to remittances and how CompareRemit’s exchange rate calculator can help you maximize every dollar you send to fund your investments.

What is the Portfolio Investment Scheme? 

The Portfolio Investment Scheme, overseen by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), enables NRIs and OCIs to invest in the Indian stock markets through a structured framework. 

Launched in 1992, PIS enables you to buy and sell equity shares, convertible debentures, and other securities listed on recognized exchanges, such as the BSE and NSE. The scheme was introduced to attract foreign investment while ensuring transparency and regulatory control.

By routing investments through designated bank accounts, the RBI monitors transactions and facilitates compliance. For NRIs, PIS provides a secure way to tap into India’s growing economy.

Now that you understand the basics, let’s explore how PIS functions in practice.

How Does the Portfolio Investment Scheme Work?

The PIS operates through a clear, regulated process:

Here's an example of how it would work:

To buy shares of Tata Motors, you transfer USD to your NRE account using a money transfer service and convert it to INR. You then instruct your bank to execute the purchase via your linked demat and trading accounts.

To fund your PIS account efficiently, use CompareRemit’s comparison tool and find the best USD to INR exchange rates. 

How Does the Portfolio Investment Scheme Work?

PIS outlines who can invest, the types of assets permitted, and the regulatory framework governing these transactions. Here's a breakdown of how it functions, from eligible participants to RBI compliance rules:

  • Eligible investors: Only NRIs and OCIs can participate; resident Indians and non-OCI foreign nationals are excluded.
  • Permissible investments: Equity shares, convertible debentures, and securities listed on BSE or NSE.
  • Prohibited sectors: Investments in real estate, chit funds, or Nidhi companies are restricted, with sectoral caps (e.g., 10% for banking).
  • RBI guidelines and compliance: The Reserve Bank of India regularly updates its operational guidelines for PIS. These cover investment limits, reporting requirements, and account operations. All investments must be routed through designated banks and brokers registered with the stock exchanges.

How to Apply for the Portfolio Investment Scheme

Getting started with the PIS is a fairly simple process, but it does involve a few key steps and documents. Here's how to apply and get your account set up:

  • Choose a designated bank: Select an RBI-authorized bank, such as HDFC, ICICI, or SBI, that offers PIS services.
  • Open NRE/NRO account: Link an NRE or NRO account to your PIS application.
  • Submit PIS application: Complete the bank’s PIS form, available online or at branches.
  • Provide KYC documents: Submit your passport, visa, PAN card, and overseas address proof.
  • Link your demat and trading accounts: Connect your PIS account to a demat and trading account with a registered broker.
  • Approval timeline: Expect approval within 7-10 business days.

Once approved, you’ll need to decide between picking an NRE and or an NRO account for your investments.

NRE vs. NRO Accounts Under PIS

Choosing the right account type is critical for PIS. Here’s a comparison between NRE and NRO accounts so that you can pick the right one for your needs:

FeatureNRE accountNRO account
RepatriabilityFully repatriable (principal and profits)Restricted; requires RBI approval
TaxationInterest is tax-freeInterest taxable (up to 30%)
Investment ScopeEquity, debentures, and mutual fundsSame as NRE accounts, with repatriation limits
Best ForLong-term investors seeking repatriationInvestors with Indian income

Many NRIs prefer using NRE accounts for their repatriation benefits, especially for equity investments. Explore CompareRemit’s NRI services to compare top Indian banks offering NRE and NRO accounts, view account types, contact details, required documents, and apply seamlessly in one place.

Now, with the account choice clear, let’s look at why PIS is appealing to NRIs.

Benefits of the Portfolio Investment Scheme for NRIs

PIS offers several advantages for global Indians:

  • Seamless market access: Invest directly in India’s stock market without intermediaries.
  • RBI oversight: Ensure transparency and FEMA compliance.
  • Tax clarity: Enjoy tax-free interest with NRE-linked accounts
  • Repatriation flexibility: Get easy fund repatriation with NRE accounts

While PIS has clear advantages, it’s also important to understand its limitations.

Limitations and Important Guidelines

PIS comes with specific rules for NRIs that you must keep in mind:

Investment limits

NRIs and OCIs can hold up to five percent of a company’s paid-up equity capital. The total cap across all NRI and OCI investors in a single company is 10 percent, extendable up to 24 percent or the sectoral FDI limit, with board and regulatory approval.

No intraday trading

PIS does not allow intraday trades. All equity trades must be settled on a delivery basis. You must hold shares for at least one day before selling. Short selling and derivatives trading are not permitted.

Brokerage and bank charges

Banks typically charge a one-time PIS account setup fee (around ₹1,000) and annual maintenance fees (from ₹500 to ₹1,000). Each buy or sell transaction reported to the RBI attracts a processing fee (usually ₹100 to ₹200), in addition to standard brokerage (often capped at 0.5 percent or a flat rate). Demat and trading account charges may apply based on your broker’s policy.

RBI monitoring

All PIS transactions are reported to the RBI by the designated banks. The RBI monitors compliance with sectoral limits and FEMA rules. If limits are breached, corrective actions may follow. Following these rules helps you invest transparently and stay compliant with Indian regulations under the PIS.

PIS and Remittances: What You Should Know

Funding your PIS account efficiently can boost your investment returns. Exchange rate fluctuations, such as those influenced by global trade policies, demonstrate how the USD to INR currency trends affect remittances. 

For NRIs, timing INR transfers is crucial:

  • Optimize currency conversion: Use CompareRemit’s rate comparison tool to find the best USD to INR rates. The INR is trading at 86.35 against USD as of July 22, 2025.
  • Avoid double conversion fees: Transfer directly to your NRE account to minimize costs.
  • Track exchange rates: Set alerts on CompareRemit to catch favorable rates, as INR has fluctuated between ₹84.22 and ₹87.79 against USD in 2025.

Many more remittance providers offer competitive rates and fast transfers. Check reviews of remittance companies on CompareRemit to find the best fit for your PIS funding needs. With a clear remittance strategy, let’s wrap up with how to make the most of PIS.

Maximize Investment, Minimize Hassle

The Portfolio Investment Scheme for NRIs empowers you to invest in India’s thriving stock market with confidence and transparency. By understanding what the Portfolio Investment Scheme is, how it works, and its eligibility criteria, you can make informed decisions to grow your wealth.

Pairing PIS with smart remittance planning ensures your money goes further. For instance, sending $1,000 at 83 INR/USD yields 83,000 INR, but at 84 INR/USD, you get 84,000 INR. It's a 1,000 INR difference that adds up.

To maximize your investments, use CompareRemit’s tools to compare exchange rates, fees, and transfer times.

Select low-fee services, such as mobile wallets or bank transfers, to efficiently fund your PIS account. With the right approach, your hard-earned money can achieve maximum impact in India’s stock market.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is the meaning of the Portfolio Investment Scheme for NRIs?

PIS enables NRIs and OCIs to invest in Indian stock markets through RBI-regulated NRE/NRO accounts, ensuring transparency and compliance.

Q: How do I apply for the Portfolio Investment Scheme in 2025?

Open an NRE/NRO account with an RBI-authorized bank, submit the PIS application with KYC documents, and link your demat/trading account. Approval usually takes 7–10 days.

Q: Can I invest through both NRE and NRO accounts under PIS?

Yes, NRE accounts offer full repatriation of funds, while NRO accounts have restrictions on repatriation; choose based on your specific needs.

Q: Are intraday trades allowed under the PIS?

No, intraday trading is prohibited; shares must be held for at least one day under PIS rules.

Q: How does PIS differ from other NRI investment routes?

PIS is for stock market investments under RBI oversight, unlike FDI or mutual funds, which follow different regulations.

Q: How can I get the best exchange rate when remitting funds for PIS?

To maximize your investment value, it’s essential to compare exchange rates and transfer fees before sending money. CompareRemit lets you compare real-time exchange rates and fees across leading money transfer services so you get the most out of every dollar you send to fund your PIS investments.

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This way, you can monitor the status of your transfer online or through their app.MoneyGram: A Strong ContenderMoneyGram is another significant player in the international money transfer market, offering a strong network and a variety of services designed to simplify cross-border payments. While its agent network is slightly smaller than Western Union's, it still offers substantial global coverage.Key Features and ServicesGlobal presence: MoneyGram operates in over 200 countries with approximately 350,000 agent locations worldwide.Transfer methods: Similar to Western Union, MoneyGram allows you to send money online, via its app, or in person. You can fund the transfer using bank accounts (in some countries), debit cards, credit cards, or cash at an agent location.Payout options: Recipients can typically receive funds through cash pickup, direct bank deposit, or mobile wallet, depending on the destination country.Speed: MoneyGram also offers fast cash pickup services, with funds often available within minutes. Bank transfers can take longer. They can range from a few hours to several business days.Tracking: You can track your MoneyGram transfer online using the reference number provided after your transaction.Western Union vs. MoneyGram: A Direct ComparisonLet’s examine how Western Union and MoneyGram compare across key categories.1. Fees and Exchange RatesFees:Fees for both services vary widely based on:Amount sent: Larger amounts might have different fee structures.Sending and receiving countries: Fees differ significantly between corridors.Payment method: Paying with a bank account is often cheaper than using a credit card.Payout method: Cash pickup might incur higher fees than bank deposits.Either may charge higher fees for credit card transactions and urgent cash pickups, depending on location, but both often match each other for bank account and debit card transfers.Exchange rates:Both companies apply a margin on the mid-market exchange rate. This means the rate you get will be slightly less favorable than the one you see on a general currency converter. This margin is essentially an additional fee. The Western Union vs. MoneyGram exchange rate can be a decisive factor, particularly for larger transfers. Always compare the "receive amount" for your specific transaction to understand the true cost.Tip: Use CompareRemit’s exchange rate calculator to see real-time rates across providers.2. Transfer SpeedCash pickup: Both Western Union and MoneyGram generally offer cash pickup within minutes, which makes them excellent choices for urgent transfers. This is a significant advantage for recipients who may not have bank accounts or immediate access to them.Bank transfers: Transfers directly to bank accounts can take longer. Typically, these can range from a few hours to 1-5 business days. The exact duration depends on the banking systems in the sending and receiving countries and the time the transfer is initiated. Weekends and public holidays can further delay transfers.3. Transfer LimitsBoth services have daily, weekly, and monthly transfer limits, which can vary based on the sending country, receiving country, payment method, and your verification status.Western Union: Limits can be up to $50,000 for bank-to-bank transfers from certain countries after identity verification, though lower limits apply to cash and online transfers without full verification.MoneyGram: Online transfers typically have a limit of $10,000 per transaction and within 30 days for most international transfers. Higher limits may be available for in-person transfers at agent locations.If you plan to send large amounts, it’s always best to check their specific limits and any additional verification requirements.4. Convenience and AccessibilityAgent locations: Western Union has a larger physical footprint, which can be an advantage if your sender or receiver prefers in-person transactions, especially in rural areas. MoneyGram still has a substantial network and is often readily available in retail outlets, post offices, and grocery stores.Online and app experience: Both providers offer user-friendly websites and mobile apps for sending money digitally, tracking transfers, and finding agent locations. Their apps enable you to initiate transfers, store recipient details, and resend money quickly.5. Customer Service and ReputationBoth companies have long-standing reputations in the money transfer space. They are generally seen as reliable, though user experiences may vary. Support is available online, by phone, and in person.Here's a comparison table for your convenience:FeatureWestern UnionMoneyGramCountries served200+200+Agent locations500,000+350,000+Cash pickup speedWithin minutesWithin minutesBank transfer time1–5 business daysHours to daysMax online transferUp to $50,000 (with ID)$10,000 per 30 daysTracking available?Yes (MTCN)Yes (ref. number)Want to explore more remittance providers? Use CompareRemit to compare services based on your specific needs.Western Union vs. MoneyGram: Which One to Choose?Here’s a quick guide to help you decide based on your needs:Western Union may be a better fit if you:Send small amounts frequently to multiple countries.Need to transfer larger sums (especially through bank-to-bank channels).Value flexibility in how you send and how recipients receive funds, including access to a wider agent network.MoneyGram might suit you better if you:Want competitive rates for direct bank transfers.Prefer flat, predictable fees on common transfer routes.Are looking for slightly stronger customer feedback on service and usability.Making Your Best Choice with ConfidenceSending money internationally can be straightforward and secure when you use reputable services. Start by identifying your priorities (speed, cost, payout method), and then compare offers in real time.Both Western Union and MoneyGram are reliable and widely used for remittances. Western Union may be better if you prioritize global reach, high transfer limits, or the lowest fees for credit cards and frequent small transfers. MoneyGram may be a better option if you're looking for marginally better exchange rates and sending via bank transfer. Always compare fees and rates for your specific corridor before transferring.Before sending your money, it’s worth comparing real-time rates and fees through CompareRemit to see which option gives you more value in your specific corridor. It helps you easily assess various remittance providers side-by-side, focusing on crucial factors like exchange rates, fees, and transfer speeds for your desired corridor.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)Q: What are the disadvantages of MoneyGram?MoneyGram can have higher fees and less competitive exchange rates compared to some other services, and transfer limits might be lower for online transfers. Q: Is it cheaper to use Western Union?It depends on the amount, destination, payment method, payout method, and current exchange rates, so comparing is essential.Q: How much does MoneyGram charge to send $100?MoneyGram typically charges around $10 to send $100, though this can vary based on the destination and transfer method.Q: How much does Western Union charge to send $100?Assuming you are sending bank-to-bank, Western Union generally charges between $0.65 and $3.76 to send $100.Q: What are the disadvantages of using Western Union?Western Union often includes a markup on exchange rates; its fee structure can be complex and vary widely, and it may not always offer the absolute best rates compared to all competitors.

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